No Grit without Freedom

Development and validation of the short grit scale (grit-s).

In this article, we introduce brief self-report and informant-report versions of the Grit Scale, which measures trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) retains the 2-factor structure of the original Grit Scale (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) with 4 fewer items and improved psychometric properties. We present evidence for the Grit-S'...

No psychiatry without psychopharmacology.

No Arbitrage without Semimartingales

We show that with suitable restrictions on allowable trading strategies, one has no arbitrage in settings where the traditional theory would admit arbitrage possibilities. In particular, price processes that are not semimartingales are possible in our setting, for example fractional Brownian motion.

No Current without Heat

We show for a large class of interacting particle systems that whenever the stationary measure is not reversible for the dynamics, then the mean entropy production in the steady state is strictly positive. This extends to the thermodynamic limit the equivalence between microscopic reversibility and zero mean entropy production: time-reversal invariance cannot be spontaneously broken.

No Reference Without Referents1

Sainsbury (2005) and (2009) offers a theory of empty names that purports to account for the content and truth-value of all utterances involving them. The goal is to do this while offering a homogenous semantic treatment: both empty and nonempty names make the same kind of contribution to truth-values. The account is based on a new theory of reference that purports to be an alternative among non...